当大众关注中兴通讯近期因结束5年美国司法部监察期而股价大涨的时候,我们还应注意到中兴通讯仍有另外一项监察期未结束。中兴通讯共受到两项监察,一是经美国联邦法院批准,自2017年3月22日起实施的来自美国司法部的监察(已在2022年3月22日届满);二是自2018年8月起实施,来自美国商务部为期10年的监察(“第二项10年监察期”),即监控中兴通讯对美国出口管控法律的合规情况。对于绝大多数长远规划其美国出口业务以及避免受美国经济制裁的中国科技型企业而言,有必要从中兴通讯遭制裁事件探讨中国企业国际贸易出口管制合规的安全路径。
[1]Order, USA v. ZTE (3CR-0120K) (March 22, 2022)。
[2] 同上。
[3] DOJ: ZTE Corporation Agrees to Plead Guilty and Pay Over $430.4 Million for Violating U.S. Sanctions by Sending U.S.-Origin Items to Iran (Combined Penalty of $1.19 Billion with Department of Commerce and Department of Treasury Actions Shows All of Government Approach to Sanctions Enforcement), https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/zte-corporation-agrees-plead-guilty-and-pay-over-4304-million-violating-us-sanctions-sending,访问时间:2022年4月6日。
[4] 同上。
[5] 法律依据:50 U.S.C. § 1705; 31 C.F.R. Part 560; 15 C:F.R. § 764.2(a)-(e). ,转引自Notice of Criminal Forfeiture (USA v. ZTE), 3CR-0120K (March 7, 2017), https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/946266/download,访问时间:2022年4月6日。
[6] Notice of Criminal Forfeiture (USA v. ZTE), 3CR-0120K (March 7, 2017), https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/946266/download,访问时间:2022年4月6日。
[7] Factual Resume (USA v. ZTE), 3CR-0120K (March 7, 2017),https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/946281/download,访问时间:2022年4月6日。
[8] 法律依据:18 U.S.C. § 1503,转引自Notice of Criminal Forfeiture (USA v. ZTE), 3CR-0120K (March 7, 2017), https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/946266/download,访问时间:2022年4月6日。
[9] 法律依据18 U.S.C. § 1001,转引自Notice of Criminal Forfeiture (USA v. ZTE), 3CR-0120K (March 7, 2017), https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/946266/download,访问时间:2022年4月6日。
[10] INSIDE INFORMATION ANNOUNCEMENT ON ORDER MODIFYING CONDITIONS OF PROBATION, https://res-www.zte.com.cn/mediares/zte/Investor/20181004/E1.pdf,访问时间:2022年4月6日。
[11] 《联邦公报》(2018年4月16日):Bureau of Industry and Security: In the Matter of: Zhongxing Telecommunications Equipment Corporation ZTE Plaza, Keji Road South Hi-Tech Industrial Park Nanshan District, Shenzhen China; ZTE Kangxun Telecommunications Ltd. 2/3 Floor, Suite A, Zte Communication Mansion Keji (S) Road Hi-New Shenzhen, 518057 China Respondent’; Order Activating Suspended Denial Order Relating to Zhongxing Telecommunications Equipment Corporation and Zte Kangxun Telecommunications Ltd., https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2018-04-23/pdf/2018-08354.pdf,或Order Activating Denial Order (April 15, 2018), https://www.commerce.gov/sites/default/files/zte_denial_order.pdf,访问时间:2022年4月6日。
[12] DOC: Secretary Ross Announces $1.4 Billion ZTE Settlement; ZTE Board, Management Changes and Strictest BIS Compliance Requirements Ever, https://web.archive.org/web/20210217224158/https:/www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases/2018/06/secretary-ross-announces-14-billion-zte-settlement-zte-board-management,访问时间:2022年4月6日。
[13] BIS: Superseding Settlement Agreement,https://www.bis.doc.gov/index.php/documents/regulations-docs/federal-register-notices/federal-register-2018/2234-superseding-settlement-agreement-6-11-18-final/file,访问时间:2022年4月6日。
[14] 同上。
[15] Factual Resume (USA v. ZTE), 3CR-0120K (March 7, 2017),https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/946281/download,访问时间:2022年4月6日。
[16] 同上,另参见DOJ: ZTE Corporation Agrees to Plead Guilty and Pay Over $430.4 Million for Violating U.S. Sanctions by Sending U.S.-Origin Items to Iran (Combined Penalty of $1.19 Billion with Department of Commerce and Department of Treasury Actions Shows All of Government Approach to Sanctions Enforcement), https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/zte-corporation-agrees-plead-guilty-and-pay-over-4304-million-violating-us-sanctions-sending,访问时间:2022年4月6日。
[17] 同上。